RCF

 Vol. 24,  No.1 2007    Otros números


 

 

IV Taller Iberoamericano de Enseñanza de la Física Universitaria; La Habana, Ene. 29-Feb. 2, 2007

Selección de trabajos

 

 

 

 

Conferencia homenaje al profesor Marcelo Alonso,      C. Carreras ...................................3

 

Abstract.  Professor Marcelo Alonso, cuban physicist, resident and nationalized in USA, died on November 11th 2005.  After his stay in Havana during the 2nd Ibero-American Workshop on Teaching of Physics at the University (2000), he facilitated the establishment of relationships between the Cuban Physical Society and the American Physical Society.  In this 4th Workshop we want to pay homage to his figure, supplying his professional data and some personal memories.

 

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Red  latinoamericana de educación en física (LAPEN) y la enseñanza moderna de la física, C. Mora,    ................................ 7

Abstract. In this work we present the first activities of the Latin-American Physics Education Network (LAPEN) organized by representatives of Brazil, Cuba, Mexico, Argentina, Colombia, Uruguay, Peru and Spain. These activities include Seminars, Congress, Postgraduate Programs on Physics Education and several publications. The creation of LAPEN has been inspired and warranted by members of the International Commission of Physics Education (ICPE) of the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics. LAPEN was constituted in the International Meeting on Teaching Physics and Training Teachers (RIEFEP 2005) which was held in Matanzas, Cuba in November 2005. The creation of LAPEN was also warranted by the General Assembly of the IX Inter-American Conference on Physics Education held in San José, Costa Rica from 3 to 7 July 2006, and later by the ICPE-IUPAP in the International Conference on Physics Education 2006 in Tokyo, Japan. LAPEN is a network of academic networks in order to improve the physics education; finally we discuss the current overview of teaching physics in our region.


Tutorial interactivo para introducción a la teoría y práctica de mediciones, R. Camero, M. Zapata-Torres , O. Calzadilla y F. Ángeles ......................................................................................................................................................................................................11

Abstract.  This work describes development of multimedia software to teaching measurement process of physical measures in middle high school.  This material help teachers and students to develop the required capabilities for making right direct and indirect measurements, identifying possible errors sources and reporting values with uncertain.  Software was designed with Macromedia Authorware and Macromedia Flash.  This software includes measurement concepts which are explained using conceptual maps, lectures, images, pictures, videos and interactive learning activities.  In Virtual lab section, there are some simulations to make virtual lab practices to determinate length with rules and vernier.


 

Perspectivas de trabajo para un planteamiento integrado del experimento y la simulación en la enseñanza de la física,  A. Hurtado Márquez, C. Lombana, O. Ocaña, M. Fonseca........................................................................................................................15

Abstract.  The kindnesses of using different computer tools are usually shown: systems of data acquisition, calculation software and/or simulation software, in the processes of teaching and learning Physics. Making an approach to a methodological proposal that integrates these aspects is not easy. However, in this article we try to show some reflections and perspectives, achieved by the investigation group, in the elaboration and execution of the investigation project: Integrating the traditional experiment, the computerized experiment and the simulation as alternative for teaching and learning Physics.


Libro de texto de física para el nuevo programa de formación de médicos latinoamericanos, M. A. Capote, M. A. González y E. Sanguinetti   .............................................................................................................................................................................................18

Abstract.  In this work we explain the objectives followed by a group of professors from the Latinoamerican Medical School to make the physic book to the Latinoamerican Medic New Program Formation. 


Detectores y medidas de radiación en el laboratorio docente de energías renovables, V. Tricio y L. Rodríguez       ..............22

Abstract.  The high education studies incorporate at the moment in the first cycle optative subjects that include laboratory practices. For these subjects, different from General Physics, the laboratories can be done of alternative way to the traditional one. In curricula educational of Engineering and Sciences, Renewable Energies is an optative subject, reason why we have designed and prepared the experience, "Radiation indicators and measures", that can be made so much in the laboratory as in the classroom. In this experience, the students use some instruments of use common in the measures of solar radiation, they know units and magnitudes habitual use in optics and learn to handle daily data of global solar radiation of a weather station so that they analyze them and they interpret.


Las animaciones interactivas y el laboratorio de física, A. González Arias y J.I. Iñiguez ............................................................27

Abstract.  In a previous paper we analyzed the role that interactive animations might play in the comprehension - memorization - appropriation sequence of a given study item.  In the following, we present several animations not related to theoretical aspects, but to the previous preparation of laboratory exercises.  We concluded that it is possible to develop simple animations, as an auxiliary teaching material, using commercial software without need of mastering any programming language.  The animation motor of the .swf animations is incorporated in any web navigator. This format is also compatible with the more recent versions of Power Point.


La cámara digital en un experimento casero: determinación de la viscosidad del aceite, C. Carreras, M. Yuste y J.P. Sánchez ....................................................................................................................................................................................................30

Abstract.  We suggest the use of digital camera to determine oil viscosity in a low cost experiment. The digital picture of the movement of a water drop into olive oil is analyzed by computer in order to determine water drop velocity and oil viscosity.


Lupita: banco óptico virtual, M. Hdez. Calviño .................................................................................................................................34

Abstract.  This paper describes the employ facilities of the software package named LUPITA: Virtual optical bench in teaching, at senior or college level, the behaviour of optical systems built of convergent and divergent lenses. The software uses the wells know formula of thin lenses to make all calculations. The Main Menu is described, in order to demonstrate that the program is user friendly and reasonable emulates the working facilities of a real optical bench. Some virtual experiments that can be done with the aid of LUPITA and the teaching modalities of its use are also suggested. By two years, the program has been successfully employed at the Optical Lab at the Faculty of Physics, University of Havana as an aid in doing practical works. The development of this software had not lucrative purpose and is shared free and available for any student or professor interested in use it. (Descargar programa -7MB)


Un curso en línea de óptica (fisica III) en la UPIITA I.P.N. en plataforma informática blackboard, A. Aburto, y N. Espinoza .....................................................................................................................................................................................................38

Abstract.  We present an elementary course of Optics for engineers, where we use the Informatics Platform Blackboard, this course is an educational research, and it is registered in our institute. This is the consequence of the Basic course of Electricity and Magnetism of the Curriculum of Telematic, Mecatronic and Bionic Engineering of the Unidad Interdisciplinaria en Ingenieria y Tecnologias Avanzadas of Instituto Politecnico Nacional.  The  foundation materials in this project are: i) One Text captured in Word, covering basic knowledge in Classic Electricity and Magnetism needed in Optics. ii) A set of simulation of Java Applets and Flash Animations, for the refinement of  knowledge. iii) The exposition of the course with a set of Power Point Presentation. We are imposing an initial exam of  basic knowledge of students. Emphasis is done in development of Polarized formulation of Monochromatic Waves in Jones Linear Algebra, complex index of refraction, and their relation with complex Wave Vectors.


Errores conceptuales sobre fuerza y su impacto en la enseñanza, César Mora y Y. Benítez .......................................................41

Abstract. The results of our investigation are shown about previous ideas of the force concept in engineering students, carried out by means of the analysis and development of Force Concept Inventory (FCI). The learning of this concept presents several difficulties that lead to misconceptions on diverse areas of the physics. We carry out a classification of the grade of the student’s understanding according to a scale of the historical development of the concept of force. Our main interest rests in understanding the causes of conceptual errors in classical mechanics for the design of didactic strategies.


Actividades experimentales en física general con fotografía y vídeo digitales, R. Valdés y V. Tricio .........................................46

Abstract.  From its invention, photography is used for investigations on Physics and Astronomy. In the last century that technology occasionally was used for measurements in Physics education. Now we are using computers and digital cameras like general equipment in the laboratory and we are using them systematically for exposition and resolution of experimental problems. In our work we show a set of experimental activities using the modern photographic techniques. We show software Análisis de Imágenes, created by us for measurements on photos and videos. We have included thematic related to mechanics, thermal motion, optic, particles and relativity.


Simulaciones computacionales de electromagnetismo como potenciadoras de aprendizaje desarrollador en  estudiantes de ingeniería, C. Álvarez Martínez de Santelices y R. Ortiz Pérez  .......................................................................................................51

Abstract.  The investigation promotes the achievement of learning development in students, in the subject      Electromagnetism in engineering careers, by means of an appropriate teaching-learning strategy sustained in the selection and employment of computational pretenders that are coupled sufficiently with the fundamental learning styles of them. The present work stands out the necessity to incorporate computational simulations to conferences, practical classes, the solution of extra class tasks, etc. It also shows and proves the convenience of considering the learning styles of the students of engineering when designing the teaching-learning strategies, it additionally shows the procedure followed to identifying this learning styles.


Un estudio sobre el  groupware;  propuesta de fundamentación teórica  para  el  diseño  de  actividades  colaborativas  usando moodle, O. Pérez, N. Rangel A. González y T. Fagúndez .......................................................................................................55

Abstract. Taking  advantage  of  the  communicative  potential  of  Internet  the  interaction  possibilities  improve dramatically. This improvement has  a direct repercussion in the work aid  and a better facility to the coordination  of  work,  related  in  group  activities.  For  this  coordination  is  also  required  a  technical infrastructure that supports the requirements of such activities. The work that is presented is positioned along to the lines of the investigation of collaborative learning with computer network mediation. The type  of  the  investigation  is  a  qualitative.  It’s  comprised  a  bibliographic  revision  on  applications  of groupware  in   education  with  environments  collaborative,  their  tools,   and  evaluations  of  these environments and in special those based on moodle. The relevance of this investigation is to find bases for the successfully design of an educational module directed to university physics’ students, under platform offered for the  virtual classroom of Engineering Faculty  in  the Universidad de Carabobo - Venezuela, based on environments collaborative, using moodle.


Propuesta de modelo educativo virtual, J. Fuentes, O. Calzadilla Amaya  y A. Pérez Perdomo .................................................59

Abstract.  This work examines like the teaching and the learning are transform with the introduction of the Information and Communication Technologies (ICT), particularly using the mixed method, implemented in the career of Physics of the University of Havana. One argues the necessity to design a Virtual Educational Model, leaving of a theoretical conception of the learning that recaptures and take advantage of the practical and didactic experiences that have demonstrated their validity. It is presented an analysis of the different components that characterize the Model.


Una propuesta didáctica en la enseñanza de la estática utilizando  apoyos tecnológicos, L. Ceciliano, O. E. Varón y E. Herappe ............................................................      ..................................................................................................................................64

Abstract. The present work, intends the use of the educational software Working Model, like didactic support, for that which a manual was elaborated of practical of laboratory for the matter of Static, which embraces the following topics: balance of the particle, moment of force, structural analysis, centers of mass and graveness of a rigid body, friction; with this material it is sought to measure by means of established evaluation approaches, the  conceptual , preceedings, attitudeings competitions developed by the students, and this way to contribute a solution partly of the problem of equipment of the laboratories, offering students and professors a support to fulfill the objectives of the experimental part of the corresponding program.


Una escoba para barrer algunos preconceptos y presentar el concepto de torque, M. Fonseca , A. Hurtado Márquez ....................................................................................................................................................................................................69

Abstract.  If a body is cut vertically passing through its center of gravity, it seems surprisingly easy to suppose that its parts have the same weight. It’s necessary “to sacrifice” a broom to show that the common sense is not right, to see that the difference of weight is more than the error of cutting. The experiment surprises the students and leads them to think on alternative explanations, giving occasion to introduce the concept of torque. We also give another related example that attempt against the common sense.


Presentación del sitio virtual “conceptos obsoletos en  física”, Nelson Arias Ávila y Friedrich Herrmann....................................................................................................................................................................................................72

Abstract.  We present a web site where a series of short articles with the generic name “Obsolete Concepts in Physics” (Conceptos Obsoletos en Física) is published weekly. By obsolete concepts we mean such concepts that have lost their scientific value for different reasons, but which are still being in use, and which represent an obstacle or burden in the teaching-learning process. It is our intention to create an academic forum to discuss these concepts and to encourage teachers and students to search for such concepts on their own.


La física y sus modelos; las simulaciones como herramienta didáctica, P. A. Lonngi Villanueva, M. D. Ayala Velázquez .................................................................................................................................................................................................76

Abstract.  We offer a few examples of models and their simulation and particular didactic objectives, aiming to help the student to acquire, understand and strengthen concepts such as: 1) amplitude and frequency of a forced oscillator and resonance; 2) conduction along a bar, Newton’s and Fourier’s laws and calorimetry;  3) a one-dimensional network of RC circuits and its tensions; 4) quadratic and viscous dissipation and their resistance coefficients, and 5) rate of advance of the wet front in paper and the effect of possible systematic errors, whenever possible making a comparison with his/her experimental results.


La importancia del trabajo experimental en física: un ejemplo para distintos niveles de enseñanza,  C. Carreras, M. Yuste y J.P. Sánchez ..................................................................................................................................................................................................80

Abstract.  This work aims to demonstrate, with the example diffraction of light, the relevance of familiarizing students of any grade with theories and physical phenomena using experimental methods.


Ordenadores, vídeos y simulaciones durante el estudio del movimiento browniano, R. Valdés Castro y V. Tricio..............84

Abstract. Brownian motion is a phenomenon whose investigation was a key to advance of Physics and Chemistry in the beginnings of XX century. For experimental study of this phenomenon we have developed a set of activities. In our work we show a simple way to observe Brownian motion and for experimental verification of Einstein’s formula. To accomplishment measurements we use our software Análisis de Imágenes. We also described activity about simulation of Brownian motion and particles distribution.


Aprendizaje de la física cuántica mediante miniproyectos y simuladores computacionales sobre la plataforma Moodle, R. Ortiz y A. Franco .................................................................................................................................................................................     . 89

Abstract.  Are presented the essential features of an alternative of teaching of the quantum physics for engineering that with the fundamental objective of the concretion level that the students reach in the learning of this matter rising, it conceived the employment of a certain collection of tasks with miniprojects focus, which are solvable with the help of a select group of simulations for computers. The configuration of referenced alternative also leans on in the use of the free courseware Moodle, and its practical implementation has been rehearsed during two courses. According to the tests applied to it data collection (Spearman and Wilcoxon), it is possible to affirm that the improvements reached in the learning of the students, are statistically significant.


Estudio de una gota de lluvia de masa variable con la ayuda de software de cálculo y simulación, A. Hurtado Márquez, M. Fonseca  ..................................................................................................................................................................................................94

Abstract.  Reproducing apparently daily phenomena in the laboratory is not easy at all specially when we require them to explain certain physical concepts. Thus, the present article tries to show how we can study, by using computational tools like Mathcad and/or Interactive Physics, the case of a rain drop that falls through a cloud of water droplets, some of which adhere to the drop, making the mass of the drop to increase gradually.


El uso de las TIC's en la enseñanza a distancia: el proceso de virtualización de la UNED, C. Carreras, M. Yuste y J.P. Sánchez ..........................................................................................................................................................................................................97

Abstract.  A few years ago, the National University for Distance Education (Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, UNED) started the “virtualization” process of all its official studies in an attempt to take advantage of the great possibilities of the new information technologies.  This tendency, very popular in almost every university all around the world, becomes fundamental in a distance-learning university like UNED.  In this work, we describe in detail the concept, structure and contents of the so called “UNED Virtual Courses”.